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| Transportation in London ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Transport in London
London has an extensive and developed transport network which includes both private and public services. Journeys made by public transport systems account for 25% of London's journeys while private services accounted for 41% of journeys.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/Travel-in-London-report-1.pdf )〕 London's public transport network serves as the central hub for the United Kingdom in rail, air and road transport.
Public transport services are dominated by the executive agency for transport in London: Transport for London (TfL). TfL controls the majority of public transport, including the Underground, Buses, Tramlink, the Docklands Light Railway, London River Services and the London Overground. Other rail services are either franchised to train operating companies by the national Department for Transport (DfT) or wholly operated by National Rail. TfL also controls most major roads in London, but not minor roads. In addition, there are several independent airports operating in London, including Heathrow, the busiest airport in the United Kingdom.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/80/airport_data/2012Annual/Table_09_Terminal_and_Transit_Pax_2012.pdf )〕
==History==
Early public transport in London began with horse-drawn ''omnibus'' services in 1829, which were gradually replaced by the first motor omnibuses in 1902. Over the years the private companies which began these services amalgamated with the London General Omnibus Company (LGOC) to form a unified bus service. The Underground Electric Railways Company of London, also formed in 1902, unified the pioneering which built the London Underground; in 1912 the Underground Group took over the LGOC and in 1913 it also absorbed the London tramway companies. The Underground Group became part of the new London Passenger Transport Board in 1933; Underground trains, buses and trams began to operate under the shorter ''London Transport'' brand name.
The London Transport name continued in use until 2000, although the political management of transport services changed several times. The LPTB oversaw transport from 1933 to 1947 until it was re-organised into the London Transport Executive (1948 to 1962). Responsibility for London Transport was subsequently taken over to the London Transport Board (1963 to 1969), the Greater London Council (1970 to 1984) and London Regional Transport (1984 to 2000). Following the privatisation of London bus services in 1986, bus services were spun off to a separate operation based on competitive tendering, London Buses. In 2000, as part of the formation of the new Greater London Authority, responsibility for London transport was taken over by a new transport authority, Transport for London (TfL), which is the publicly owned transport corporation for the London region today.
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